Organic Chemistry Practice
Interactive practice tools with instant feedback on key topics to help you master organic chemistry.
Functional Groups and Nomenclature 6
- Determine a Molecular Formula Count atoms from line-angle structures and check your answer instantly.
- IUPAC Nomenclature Name organic compounds systematically with personalized feedback to incorrect answers.
- Nomenclingo (IUPAC Name Builder) Build IUPAC names piece by piece from a structure in this interactive naming game.
- Guided IUPAC Naming Beta Learn the IUPAC naming algorithm step by step: identify the FG, select the parent chain, find substituents, and number.
- Functional Group Identification Spot every functional group in a molecule before checking your answer.
- Functional Group Classification Classify a highlighted functional group with its full label: modifier and base group.
Resonance 3
- Identify Aromaticity Determine whether ring systems are aromatic, antiaromatic, or nonaromatic.
- Compare Resonance Contributors Determine which resonance form is the more significant contributor.
- Resonance Arrows Draw curved arrows showing electron movement between resonance forms.
Acids and Bases 3
- pKa Comparison (DMSO) Pick the more acidic compound from two structures and learn pKa values in DMSO.
- pKa Comparison (Water) Pick the more acidic compound using pKa values in water.
- Find the Acidic Proton Click on the most acidic atom in each molecule. Covers O–H, N–H, and C–H acids.
Arrow Drawing 1
- Mechanism Arrows Learn to draw curved arrows for common organic mechanism steps.
Stereochemistry 6
- Assign R or S Stereochemistry Assign R or S to chiral centers using an interactive 3D model.
- Assign E or Z Stereochemistry Determine E/Z configuration of alkenes using Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules.
- Identify meso Compounds Identify meso compounds by finding internal planes of symmetry.
- Stereoisomer Relationships Classify pairs of molecules as enantiomers, diastereomers, or identical.
- Isomer Relationships Beta Two molecules, one formula: structural isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, or identical?
- Molecule Relationships Beta Classify molecule pairs: different molecules, structural isomers, resonance forms, enantiomers, diastereomers, conformations, or identical.
Fischer Projections 3
- Fischer Projections: Assign R/S Beta Assign R/S from Fischer projections, including the horizontal-bond reversal rule, sugars, and amino acids.
- Fischer Projections: Compare & Convert Beta Practice the legal moves: classify Fischer pairs, and match Fischer projections to line-angle drawings.
- Fischer Projections: Meso or Chiral Beta Spot the internal mirror plane in a Fischer projection, or show the molecule is chiral.
Conformations 5
- Newman Projections: Identify Identify anti, gauche, and eclipsed conformations on sight.
- Newman Projections: Build Translate wedge-dash structures by placing substituents interactively.
- Newman Projections: Rotate Rotate Newman projections to match with line-angle drawings.
- Chair Conformations: Ring Flip Place substituents in the correct axial or equatorial positions on a flipped chair. Easy, Medium, and Hard difficulty modes.
- Chair Conformations: Energy Compare chair conformers and pick the more stable one using A-values.
Boiling & Melting Points 4
- Which Boils Higher? Two structures, measured boiling points: pick the higher, then name the deciding force.
- Which Melts Higher? Compare measured melting points, where crystal packing matters as much as attraction.
- Boiling Point Trends Drag three structures into boiling-point order: each set varies exactly one feature — chain length, branching, halogen size, O–H count, or force class.
- Boiling vs Melting Inversions Pairs where the two properties disagree: one compound boils higher, the other melts higher.
NMR Spectroscopy: Concepts 6
- Count ¹H NMR Signals Predict how many distinct signals a compound shows in its ¹H NMR spectrum, with color-coded equivalent-proton answer keys.
- Count ¹³C NMR Signals Predict the number of distinct ¹³C NMR signals, with color-coded equivalent-carbon answer keys.
- Find Equivalent Protons Click every position that is chemically equivalent to a highlighted atom and learn homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic relationships.
- Predict Splitting Patterns Apply the n+1 rule to predict multiplicity, from singlets to septets, with worked explanations.
- Predict Complex Splitting (dd, dt) Name compound multiplets where the J values genuinely differ, with splitting-tree answer keys.
- Match the Molecule to the Integration Given a ¹H NMR integration ratio, pick which of three candidate structures fits its proton partition.
NMR Spectroscopy: Reading Spectra 4
- Assign ¹H NMR Spectra Match every signal in a spectrum reconstructed from published experimental data to the protons that produce it, with zoomable multiplets.
- Assign ¹³C NMR Spectra Match each line in a proton-decoupled ¹³C spectrum to its carbon; crowded regions are shown but honestly left unasked.
- NMR Integration: Match the Spectrum Three candidate structures all share the same ¹H NMR integration ratio — read the chemical shifts and splitting on the spectrum to pick the one that fits.
- DEPT Practice: Classify Every Carbon Read ¹³C, DEPT-90, and DEPT-135 spectra together and classify each carbon as CH₃, CH₂, CH, or quaternary.
Mass Spectrometry 4
- Nitrogen Rule Read the nominal mass of M⁺• and call the strongest claim it supports about the nitrogen count.
- Degrees of Unsaturation Turn a molecular formula into its ring + π-bond count, then find every degree on the revealed structure.
- Isotope Patterns Read the M+2 cluster to identify Cl/Br content, or count carbons from the M+1 peak.
- Exact Mass (HRMS) Real published HRMS values, two directions: identify the adduct from a known formula, or pin the formula down to millidaltons.
IR Spectroscopy 4
- Assign the Band One band highlighted on a real IR spectrum — name the stretch it belongs to.
- Spot the Group Structure hidden, spectrum shown: call the functional group the bands demand.
- Predict the Bands From the structure, call which bands the real spectrum shows — and which tempting bands stay silent.
- Match the Structure One real spectrum, four structures: eliminate the three the band data rules out.
General Chemistry Practice
Build intuition for core general chemistry concepts with interactive practice problems and instant feedback.
Atoms & Measurement 4
- Subatomic Particles Find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for any element or ion.
- Significant Figures Count sig figs and round answers correctly in calculation problems.
- Dimensional Analysis Convert between units using dimensional analysis with step-by-step practice.
- Electron Configuration Write electron configurations for atoms and ions using the Aufbau principle.
Bonding & Structure 2
- Lewis Structures Draw Lewis dot structures for molecules and ions interactively.
- Molecular Geometry (VSEPR) Predict molecular shapes and bond angles using VSEPR theory.
Periodic Trends & Reactions 5
- Atomic & Ionic Size Compare atomic and ionic radii across the periodic table.
- Periodic Trends (IE, EN, EA) Compare ionization energy, electronegativity, and electron affinity across elements.
- Oxidation Numbers Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and ions.
- Balancing Equations Balance chemical equations one coefficient at a time.
- Le Chatelier's Principle Predict how equilibrium shifts in response to changes in conditions.
Naming & Formulas 2
- Naming Compounds Name ionic, covalent, and acid compounds from their formulas.
- Polyatomic Ions Memorize polyatomic ion names and formulas with flashcard-style practice.
Stoichiometry & Solutions 4
- Mole Conversions Convert between moles, grams, and particles step by step.
- Limiting Reagent Identify limiting reagents and calculate theoretical yields.
- Dilution (M₁V₁=M₂V₂) Solve dilution problems using the M1V1=M2V2 equation.
- Gas Laws Solve ideal gas law, combined gas law, and partial pressures problems.
Acids, Bases & Thermo 3
- Acid/Base Strength Compare acid and base strength using structure and periodic trends.
- Thermochemistry Solve enthalpy, Hess's law, and calorimetry problems.
- Nuclear Chemistry Solve nuclear decay, half-life, and nuclear equation balancing problems.
Literature Reactions Beta
Tired of too-simple and made-up organic reactions that look nothing like actual exam problems? Here are real reactions from the scientific literature, drawn as complete schemes: starting materials, conditions, and products, with the yield and reference where the source reports them. Sort them by mechanism, as our worksheets do, or by functional group, as most textbooks do. Use them to practice predicting the product or to hone your mechanism drawing skills.
Substitution & Elimination Reactions 2
- Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution Alcohol to alkyl halide, Leaving group displacement, N-alkylation, and 10 more types · 64 examples
- Elimination Elimination to alkyne, Leaving group elimination, Dehydration of alcohol, and 6 more types · 36 examples
Addition to Alkenes & Alkynes 1
- Addition to alkenes and alkynes Halogenation of alkene, Carbene cyclopropanation, HX addition, and 9 more types · 52 examples
Pericyclic Reactions 3
- Diels–Alder and other cycloadditions Diels–Alder, Hetero-Diels–Alder, Retro-Diels–Alder, and 2 more types · 16 examples
- Electrocyclic reactions 4π electrocyclization, 6π electrocyclization · 11 examples
- Sigmatropic rearrangements [1,5]-H sigmatropic shift, Claisen rearrangement, Other sigmatropic rearrangement · 5 examples
Radical Reactions 1
- Radical reactions Benzylic halogenation, Allylic halogenation, Radical cyclization, and 2 more types · 18 examples
Aromatic Chemistry 4
- Electrophilic aromatic substitution EAS halogenation, EAS nitration, Friedel–Crafts acylation, and 6 more types · 57 examples
- Nucleophilic aromatic substitution SNAr · 9 examples
- Diazonium chemistry Sandmeyer, Deamination, Aryl azide formation, and 1 more type · 13 examples
- Oxidation and reduction of aromatic compounds Benzylic oxidation, Benzylic halogenation, Nitro reduction, and 2 more types · 25 examples
Carbonyl Chemistry 3
- Nucleophilic addition to aldehydes and ketones Grignard addition, Acetal formation, Hydrate formation, and 10 more types · 60 examples
- Nucleophilic acyl substitution Amide formation, Acid chloride formation, Fischer esterification, and 11 more types · 71 examples
- Olefination Wittig, Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons · 16 examples
Enol & Enolate Chemistry 6
- Enols and enolate formation (fundamentals) Keto–enol tautomerization, Silyl enol ether formation, Kinetic enolate formation, and 6 more types · 21 examples
- Enolate alkylation Enolate C-alkylation, Malonic ester synthesis · 11 examples
- Alpha-halogenation α-Halogenation (acidic), Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky, Haloform, and 2 more types · 25 examples
- Aldol and related condensations Intramolecular aldol, Aldol condensation, Aldol addition, and 3 more types · 26 examples
- Claisen condensations and enolate acylation Claisen condensation, Dieckmann, Enolate C-acylation · 17 examples
- Conjugate addition, annulation, cascades Robinson annulation, Michael addition, Decarboxylation, and 1 more type · 22 examples
Redox, Rearrangements & Organometallics 3
- Oxidations and reductions Alcohol oxidation, Nitro reduction, Aldehyde oxidation, and 10 more types · 40 examples
- Rearrangements Curtius rearrangement, Pinacol rearrangement, Beckmann, and 2 more types · 7 examples
- Organometallic reagents and cross-coupling Grignard formation, Acetylide formation, Grignard protonolysis, and 2 more types · 11 examples
Alkanes and radical reactions 1
- Radical reactions Benzylic halogenation, Allylic halogenation, Radical cyclization, and 2 more types · 18 examples
Alkyl halides: substitution and elimination 2
- Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution Alcohol to alkyl halide, Leaving group displacement, N-alkylation, and 10 more types · 64 examples
- Elimination Elimination to alkyne, Leaving group elimination, Dehydration of alcohol, and 6 more types · 36 examples
Alkenes and alkynes 1
- Addition to alkenes and alkynes Halogenation of alkene, Carbene cyclopropanation, HX addition, and 9 more types · 52 examples
Dienes and pericyclic reactions 3
- Diels–Alder and other cycloadditions Diels–Alder, Hetero-Diels–Alder, Retro-Diels–Alder, and 2 more types · 16 examples
- Electrocyclic reactions 4π electrocyclization, 6π electrocyclization · 11 examples
- Sigmatropic rearrangements [1,5]-H sigmatropic shift, Claisen rearrangement, Other sigmatropic rearrangement · 5 examples
Aromatic compounds 3
- Electrophilic aromatic substitution EAS halogenation, EAS nitration, Friedel–Crafts acylation, and 6 more types · 57 examples
- Nucleophilic aromatic substitution SNAr · 9 examples
- Oxidation and reduction of aromatic compounds Benzylic oxidation, Benzylic halogenation, Nitro reduction, and 2 more types · 25 examples
Aldehydes and ketones 2
- Nucleophilic addition to aldehydes and ketones Grignard addition, Acetal formation, Hydrate formation, and 10 more types · 60 examples
- Olefination Wittig, Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons · 16 examples
Carboxylic acids and their derivatives 1
- Nucleophilic acyl substitution Amide formation, Acid chloride formation, Fischer esterification, and 11 more types · 71 examples
Enols, enolates, and carbonyl condensations 6
- Enols and enolate formation (fundamentals) Keto–enol tautomerization, Silyl enol ether formation, Kinetic enolate formation, and 6 more types · 21 examples
- Enolate alkylation Enolate C-alkylation, Malonic ester synthesis · 11 examples
- Alpha-halogenation α-Halogenation (acidic), Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky, Haloform, and 2 more types · 25 examples
- Aldol and related condensations Intramolecular aldol, Aldol condensation, Aldol addition, and 3 more types · 26 examples
- Claisen condensations and enolate acylation Claisen condensation, Dieckmann, Enolate C-acylation · 17 examples
- Conjugate addition, annulation, cascades Robinson annulation, Michael addition, Decarboxylation, and 1 more type · 22 examples
Amines 1
- Diazonium chemistry Sandmeyer, Deamination, Aryl azide formation, and 1 more type · 13 examples
Organometallic reagents and cross-coupling 1
- Organometallic reagents and cross-coupling Grignard formation, Acetylide formation, Grignard protonolysis, and 2 more types · 11 examples
Oxidations and reductions across chapters 1
- Oxidations and reductions Alcohol oxidation, Nitro reduction, Aldehyde oxidation, and 10 more types · 40 examples
Rearrangements 1
- Rearrangements Curtius rearrangement, Pinacol rearrangement, Beckmann, and 2 more types · 7 examples
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Study Guides
Study Guides New
Concise, professor-written guides that pair with the practice above — read the concept, see live examples from our problem bank, then go practice.
- Isomers and Stereochemistry Chirality, enantiomers vs diastereomers, meso compounds, CIP rules, R/S and E/Z.
- pKa and Acid–Base Chemistry Conjugate pairs, predicting equilibria, and the six factors that control acidity.
- Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution The five classic reactions, the arenium mechanism, and directing effects.
- All study guides →
More On The Way
Reactions
Interactive practice for product prediction under development.