Calorimetry

q = mcΔT
q = heat (J or kJ), m = mass (g), c = specific heat (J/g·°C), ΔT = T_final − T_initial
Specific heat of water: 4.184 J/(g·°C)

Sign Conventions

+q (positive): System absorbs heat → endothermic
−q (negative): System releases heat → exothermic
q_system = −q_surroundings

Enthalpy

ΔH < 0: Exothermic (releases heat)
ΔH > 0: Endothermic (absorbs heat)
ΔH_rxn = Σ ΔH_f(products) − Σ ΔH_f(reactants)

Thermochemistry

Solve q = mcΔT problems and identify endothermic vs exothermic processes. Calculations accepted within ±1%.

Streak: 0 Best: 0

Global All-time Score

Correct: ... Incorrect: ...