Reading a scheme

Start with the conditions. A strong base, an acid, a metal, a peroxide: the reagent line narrows the reaction type before you look at a single bond.
Find what changed. Compare starting material and product atom by atom: which bond formed, which left, and whether the carbon count grew.
Substitution vs. elimination vs. addition is a bookkeeping question: same number of σ bonds, fewer, or more.
Mechanism follows structure. A tertiary or benzylic center with a weak nucleophile points to a cation; a primary center with a strong nucleophile does not.
Every example here is a real reaction with a real citation. The yields are the authors’ own.

Electrophilic aromatic substitution

Complete reactions from the literature: starting materials, conditions, and products, with the yield and literature reference where the source reports them. Filter by reaction type, or open any scheme for a closer look.

Printable worksheet (PDF): with or without products.

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